RESUMO
In this study, we have analyzed the pectic arabinogalactan isolated from Azadirachta indica and its chemically sulfated derivative. The native polysaccharide had an apparent molecular mass of 80 kDa and is made up of (1â5)-/(1â3,5)-linked α-L-arabinosyl, (1â3)-/(1â6)-/(1â3,6)-linked ß-D-galactosyl, and terminal-rhamnosyl and α-l-arabinosyl residues. These macromolecules showed activity against bovine herpesvirus type-1. Their inhibitory concentration 50% values ranging from 31.12 to 105.25 µg/ml were lower than the cytotoxicity values (>1600-1440 µg/ml). The anti-viral effect was exerted during virus adsorption to the cell. Anionic groups in particular the sulfate groups appeared to be very important for the anti-herpetic activity of these polymers.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Azadirachta/química , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/efeitos dos fármacos , Folhas de Planta/química , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Água/química , Animais , Ânions , Antivirais/química , Antivirais/isolamento & purificação , Bioensaio , Bovinos , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Glicosídeos/química , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/fisiologia , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Peso Molecular , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Eletricidade Estática , Fatores de Tempo , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Between May and August in 2003, a total of 251 fecal samples were collected from children and adults with diarrhea (5 inpatients and 246 outpatients) at a private hospital in the city of Ponta Grossa, the state of Paraná, Brazil. Group A rotavirus was detected in 71 of 251 (28.3%) specimens: 55 (77.5%) from children under 5 years of age and 16 (22.5%) from individuals aged 6-72 years. All 71 strains exhibited a "long" RNA pattern when analyzed by PAGE. Sixty-one positive samples that yielded enough RNA were submitted to PCR genotyping. The most frequent G/P genotype combination detected was G1P[8] (86.9%; 53/61) followed by G9P[8] (3.3%; 2/61) and G12P[9] (1.6%; 1/61). Rotaviruses with G2, G3, G4, P[4], or P[6] specificity were not detected. For three strains (4.9%) bearing G1 genotype, the VP4 specificity could no be determined, and two specimens (3.3%) remained G/P non-typeable. One rotavirus strain (HC91) bearing G12P[9] genotype with a "long" electropherotype was isolated from an 11-month-old boy with diarrhea for the first time in Brazil. The cell-culture grown HC91 strain was shown to belong to serotype G12 by neutralization.
Assuntos
Diarreia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologia , Rotavirus/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Coleta de Dados , Fezes/virologia , Hospitais Privados , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Epidemiologia Molecular , Testes de Neutralização , Filogenia , RNA Viral/genética , Rotavirus/classificação , Rotavirus/imunologia , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Especificidade da Espécie , População UrbanaRESUMO
Single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and heteroduplex mobility assays (HMAs) were used to identify and genotype enteric adenoviruses (EAd). The results were compared to those of restriction endonuclease assays, species-specific PCRs, and direct nucleotide sequence analyses. Of the 31 stool samples tested, 15 isolates were identified as EAd and 7 were identified as nonenteric Ad by all methods. An agreement of 100% was found between the SSCP and HMA results.
